Practice

The technical disciplines of Yoga and their practice

Alice Martins2 min read

YOGA aims to develop the Human Being in all their positive facets and potential, in a constant search for the best in oneself, and to reach the Supreme Consciousness – SAMADHI or Enlightenment. However, to reach these ambitious goals, we focus first on the complete health and well-being of the Human Being. This first stage is easy to reach through the practice of the twelve Technical Disciplines that make up the Sádhaná (practice) of each class, strongly fighting stress, stimulating the immune system and the hormonal and endocrine systems, and bringing a feeling of well-being, happiness and self-confidence.

Each class is adapted to the abilities and potential of each practitioner, while always seeking to go beyond limits in a sensible, controlled way. The Technical Disciplines practised in each class are:

DHYÁNA

Meditation through control of the mind, directing it to the object of concentration. At this stage, beginners are given Yantras or concentration themes, so that attention stays fixed on the same object for as long as possible. Later it may reach the perfect grasp of the object, its knowledge and finally fusion with it, until subject and object are one. The objects of meditation vary with the students' level, moving from the concrete (yantras) to the abstract (visualising the element in its absence), or using sounds or subtle energies.

PRÁNÁYAMA

Breathing exercises with an energetic and neurovegetative influence, through which we seek to absorb Prána (bioenergy), increase vital energy and distribute it properly throughout the body, being able to direct it according to the practitioner's will or need.

ÁSANA

Psycho-bio-physical postures. The set of Ásanas in a class is balanced so as to form a whole, designed to activate the subtle energies of the human body so they can be used fully in the following stages.

YOGANIDRA

(Relaxation)
Its aim is to relax the whole body and make use of the energies released in the earlier stages of the class. Relaxation must be complete, physical, emotional and mental. Always conscious, it stimulates the immune system and brings total rest to the practitioner.

KRIYA

(purification and toning of the mucous membranes through specific exercises) Purification of the respiratory system, the digestive system and the eyes.

MANTRA / KIRTANA

Chanting of outward-flowing sounds, with Sanskrit words and melody, creating a positive atmosphere for practice and attuning to the age-old philosophical family of Yoga.

JAPA

Concentrating sounds, projected inwards, leading to concentration.

BANDHA

Muscular contractions that allow us to control and deepen Pránáyáma and move energy through the body, creating good conditions for meditation.

YANTRA

Concentrating symbols with a psychosomatic effect, usually used for concentration.

PUJÁ

A mental offering of energy, through which we seek attunement with the first Master of Yoga and establish a two-way path: giving and receiving.

MUDRÁ

A reflexological and magnetic gesture made with the hands, stimulating the ancient hand/brain and brain/hand relationship, in which the hand acts and the brain interprets, creating an attitude.

MÁNASIKA

Visualisation and projection of consciousness, using energy wisely.

AM
Alice MartinsDirector of Centro do Yoga de Coimbra, Yoga Teacher and Psychologist
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